Indian Constitution

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India.It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles and the duties of citizens. It is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world. The nation is governed on the basis of this Constitution. B. R. Ambedkar is regarded as the chief architect of the Indian Constitution.

The constitution of India imparts constitutional supremacy and not parliamentary supremacy as it is not created by the Parliament but created by a constituent assembly and adopted by its people with a declaration in the preamble to the constitution. Parliament cannot override the constitution.

The Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, and came into effect on 26 January 1950. The date of 26 January was chosen to commemorate the Purna Swaraj declaration of independence of 1930. With its adoption, the Union of India officially became the modern and contemporary Republic of India and it replaced the Government of India Act 1935 as the country's fundamental governing document. To ensure constitutional autochthony, the framers of constitution repealed the prior Acts of the British Parliament via the Article 395 of the constitution. India celebrates the coming into force of the constitution on 26 January each year as Republic Day.

The Constitution declares India a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic, assuring its citizens of justice, equality, and liberty, and endeavours to promote fraternity among them.

The Constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly, which was elected by the elected members of the provincial assemblies. The 389 member Constituent Assembly took almost three years (two years, eleven months and eighteen days to be precise) to complete its historic task of drafting the Constitution for Independent India. During this period, it held eleven sessions covering a total of 165 days. Of these, 114 days were spent on the consideration of the Draft Constitution.

印度宪法是India.It的最高法律规定了界定基本政治原则的框架，建立了结构，程序，权力和政府机构的职责，并规定了基本权利，指导原则和公民的义务。这是任何一个主权国家，在世界上最长的成文宪法。这个国家的管辖本章程的基础上。 B. R.安贝德卡被认为是印度宪法的总设计师。

印度宪法赋予宪法至高无上的，因为它不是由国会创建，但创建由制宪议会和人民同在宪法序言的声明采取了不议会至上。国会不能重写宪法。

宪法是1949年11月26日通过了制宪议会，并在1月26日1950年生效选用1月26日的日期，以纪念1930年独立普尔纳斯瓦拉杰声明凭借其收养，印度联邦正式成为印度现代和当代共和国和它取代印度1935年法案，政府作为国家的基本管理文件。为了确保宪法autochthony，宪法的制定者通过宪法第395条废除了英国议会的行为之前。印度庆祝每年进入宪法的生效1月26日为共和国日。

宪法宣布印度主权的，社会主义的，世俗的，民主共和，保证它的公正，平等和自由的公民，并努力促进它们之间的友爱。

宪法由制宪大会，这是由各省议会的当选成员选举产生的起草。 389成员的制宪议会花了近三年来（2年，十一个月18天要准确），完成起草宪法独立印度的历史任务。在此期间，它举行了11届共占地165天。其中，有114天用于对审议的草案宪法。